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Article 12 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China provides "the People's Bank of China is to establish a monetary policy committee, whose responsibilities, composition and working procedures shall be prescribed by the State Council and shall be filed to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The Monetary Policy Committee shall play an important role in macroeconomic management and in the making and adjustment of monetary policy."

Rules on Monetary Policy Committee of the People's Bank of China stipulates that the Monetary Policy Committee is a consultative body for the making of monetary policy by the PBC, whose responsibility is to advise on the formulation and adjustment of monetary policy and policy targets for a certain period, application of monetary policy instrument, major monetary policy measures and the coordination between monetary policy and other macroeconomic policies. The Committee plays its advisory role on the basis of comprehensive research on macroeconomic situations and the macro targets set by the government.

The Monetary Policy Committee is composed of the PBC's Governor and two Deputy Governors, a Deputy Secretary-General of the State Council, a Vice Minister of the State Development and Reform Commission, a Vice Finance Minister, the Administrator of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, the Chairman of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the Chairman of China Securities Regulatory Commission,  the Commissioner of National Bureau of Statistics, the President of the China Association of Banks and experts from the academia.

The Monetary Policy Committee performs its functions through its regular quarterly meeting. An ad hoc meeting may be held if it is proposed by the Chairman or endorsed by more than one-third of the members of the Monetary Policy Committee.

The opinions expressed in the meeting of the Monetary Policy Committee will be recorded in the form of "meeting minutes". Such minutes or any resulted policy advice, if approved by more than two-thirds of the members of the Monetary Policy Committee, should be attached as an annex to the proposed decisions of the PBC on annual money supply, interest rates, exchange rates or other important monetary policy issues to be reported to the State Council for approval. In the case the PBC files its decisions on other monetary policy related issues with the State Council, it should enclose the meeting minutes or policy advice of the Monetary Policy Committee at the same time.